Collusion in transport: group effects in a historical perspective
نویسنده
چکیده
This paper considers non-economic factors involved in the occurrence and sustainability of collusion. Group development among executives of incumbent firms created during the evolution of an industry can stimulate collusion, even in the uncertain introduction stage of a new industry. Certain social conditions and social characteristics of executives related to the industry characteristics of entry barriers and geographical structure help to explain differences in group development relevant to collusion. A historical analysis of four transportation industries illustrates the manner in which the non-economic factors operate. ©2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: L13; L92; N73; N74
منابع مشابه
Technology and Urban Form: A Philosophical and Historical Perspective
Urban form has undergone tremendous changes throughout history. These changes have stemmed from various causes. Technology has been one of the most influential forces in changing the face of cities, leaving different marks on the city form. In fact, technology has gained an increasingly more important and integrative role in bringing changes to the urban form. In addition, recent plethora of de...
متن کاملHow to Eliminate Collusion in Tenders and Auctions, using Game Theory (Determination of Ceiling and Floor Prices)
Governments and firms in accordance to their duties, obliged to inevitably contracts with Individuals and legal entities, especially in auction and tender process. Since, the law of conducting tenders and auctions is lacking efficiency and has major objection, therefore, this has led to the dissemination and development of areas of corruption in these contracts (through collusion). In this pape...
متن کاملO9: Securing Children in Cars from the Trauma Biomechanical Point of View. A Historical and Global Perspective
Since the 1960 Child Safety Systems in cars have been developed. The 3 point safety belt for adults rated as one of the 10 most important inventions for mankind, the seat belt has saved more than 1.5 Million lives. As well children have to be secured in a car but the 3 point belt is designed for adults. A 27 kg child is forced forward with 1.200 kg at 48 kph impact velocity. Here vulnerable bod...
متن کاملSpermatozoa: A Historical Perspective
The 100,000th scientific article on the subject of spermatozoa was recently published. Many studies have evaluated the characteristics of this important cell leading to great discoveries. Since its first observation and description in 1677, many important characteristics have been described regarding this highly fascinating gamete. In this review, our objective has been to provide a historical ...
متن کاملModified access polynomial based self-healing key management schemes with broadcast authentication and enhanced collusion resistance in wireless sensor networks
Though lots of research results about self-healing key management under unreliable links have been proposed, there are still some shortcomings, such as the inefficiency of broadcasts, lack of broadcast authentication, limited sessions for key issues, disastrous risks of access polynomials, and the vulnerability of collusion attacks. In this paper, we propose two modified access polynomial based...
متن کامل